User Research Survey on
Changing Text Display for Easier Reading
This page provides information about an online Survey on Changing Text Display for Easier Reading.
Survey Overview
The survey asked for perspectives on how important it is to be able to change or "customize" specific aspects of text display, such as text size. It applied to all kinds of electronic text:
- web pages
- word processing documents (like Microsoft Word)
- electronic books (like for Kindle)
- PDF documents
- etc.
There were two parts to the survey:
- Part 1: About You for people with low vision, dyslexia, or any other condition that impacts reading — specifically, people who can see and can read, but have difficulty reading normally-formatted text, and need to change the way text is displayed in order to read effectively.
- Part 2: About Other People for occupational therapists, vocational rehab providers, accessibility specialists, and others who understand how people need to customize text display in order to read effectively.
Survey Questions
This section explains most of the survey content. The full survey will be posted in 2016.
None of the questions were required. Most questions included a "prefer not to answer" or "I don't know" option as appropriate for the question. Within pages and questions, aspects were randomized as appropriate.
Part 1 and Part 2: Changing text display
The main question in the survey was about changing text display. The introduction to the question included, "Think about how you would like to change the way the text is displayed, to make it easier to read . . ."
Question: How important is it to be able to change the following:
- Text size (font size)
- Font face (the letter shape; e.g., Times New Roman, Arial, Helvetica; also called font family or typeface)
- Text color and background color
- Text style - underline, italic, bold
- Capitalization (all capital letters, small capital letters, sentence style)
- Line spacing / line height / leading (space between lines in a paragraph)
- Letter spacing (space between letters/characters)
- Word spacing (space between words)
- Space between elements (e.g., space between paragraphs, or space above headings)
- Margins (blank space around blocks of text)
- Text in one continuous block, instead of in multiple columns (change it so that you/they do not have to go from the bottom of one column up to the top of another column to read text; e.g., changing text from 3 columns to 1 column; sometimes called reflow)
- No horizontal scrolling (change it so that you/they do not have to scroll to the right to read a line of text; instead, text wraps to the next line without requiring scrolling; sometimes called rewrap)
- Line length (how long or short the lines of text are)
- Justification / alignment (left, right, full/both, centered)
- Borders around blocks of text (including border line color, width, style)
- Indentation (e.g., space in front of list items, the first line of a paragraph)
- Hyphenation turning it on or off (word breaks; when a long word is at the end of a line, either separating the word with a hyphen, or putting the whole word on the next line)
- Other (please explain)
Three additional aspects were separate questions because they needed more explanation for many respondants to be able to understand them:
- Printing:
How important is it for you to be able to print text after you have customized it to make it easier to read? - Elements:
How important is it for you to be able to customize text differently for specific elements, such as headings, lists, and paragraph text? - Text increase proportionally:
When you increase text size, how important is it that you can choose that all text increases proportionally; for example, headings remain bigger than main paragraph text?
When you increase text size, how important is it that you can choose that all text does not increase proportionally; for example, headings become the same size as main paragraph text?
Answer choices:
- Half of the respondents got: Not at all important, Slightly important, Important, Very important
- Half of the respondents got: Very important, Important, Slightly important, Not at all important
Part 1: Reading questions
Question: Do the following conditions impact your reading?
- Aging/Ageing (issues related to getting older)
- Visual impairment (such as blurry, clouded, tunnel vision; central field loss; light sensitivity. from birth, aging; macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, etc.)
- Dyslexia, cognitive impairment, neurological impairment, or other perceptual issues
- Other conditions or situations that impact your reading:
Answer choices:
- Half of the respondents got: Not at all, Slightly, Somewhat, Significantly
- Half of the respondents got: Significantly, Somewhat, Slightly, Not at all
Question: What happens when you read "normal" text, such as a newspaper, or text on a computer that is not displayed how you like it,
such as a pale text on a bright background?
- I get tired
- I get a headache
- I get nauseated or dizzy
- My eyes hurt
- Other things that happen:
Answer choices:
- Half of the respondents got: Not at all, Slightly, Somewhat, Significantly
- Half of the respondents got: Significantly, Somewhat, Slightly, Not at all
Question: Do you quit reading information from the computer (such as an article on the web or instructions in PDF) and not finish it, just because the text is too hard to read comfortably?
Answer choices:
- Half of the respondents got: Never, Rarely - a few times a year, Occasionally - a few times a month, Sometimes - a few times a week, Often every day
- Half of the respondents got: Often every day, Sometimes - a few times a week, Occasionally - a few times a month, Rarely - a few times a year, Never
Question: Do you change the way text is displayed so that you can read it more easily? Select all that apply below.
Answer choices (multi-select):
- I sometimes change text using word processing software (such as Microsoft Word).
- I sometimes change text size using Zoom in a web browser (such as Internet Explorer or Firefox).
- I changed the way my web browser displays text on all web pages (through the Preferences, Options, or other settings).
- I have a user style sheet that changes the way my web browser displays text.
- I changed the way my operating system displays text (through Accessibility Settings, Windows Control Panel, or other).
- I sometimes use screen magnification software (such as Zoom Text, MAGic, SuperNova).
- Other:
Part 2: Text customization needs
Questions: How much do you know about the text customization needs of...
- ... people who are older?
- ... people who have visual impairments?
- ... people who have dyslexia, cognitive impairment, neurological impairment, or other perceptual issues?
- ... people who have other conditions or situations that impact reading?
Answer choices:
- Half of the respondents got: None, A little, Some, A lot
- Half of the respondents got: A lot, Some, A little, None
Question: How do you know about people's needs to customize text display? Check all that apply.
- Individual - I have helped a friend, relative, or other individual change his/her software or hardware settings to make text easier to read.
- Training - I help older people or people with disabilities know how to use their hardware and software to make text easier to read.
- Research/Studies - I do research, usability testing, or other studies to understand how people with disabilities read electronic text.
- Other:
All: About you and comments
Questions on word processing knowledge:
- How much do you know about changing basic text display in a word processing program, such as Microsoft Word? For example, do you know how to change text size, font, and text color?
- How much do you know about changing advanced text display settings in a word processing program, such as Microsoft Word? For example, do you know how to change letter spacing, background color, and borders?
- How much do you know about using "Styles" in a word processing program, such as Microsoft Word? For example, do you know how to set the text differently for Normal, Heading 1, Heading 2, etc.?
Demographic questions:
- What is your age?
- In what region do you live?
Survey respondents
Respondents:
- 389 people answered some of the survey questions
- 347 people answered most or all of the survey questions in the relevant parts
- 326 people completed the survey
Parts:
- About You: 144 people answered Part 1 and skipped Part 2 — that is, they have low vision, dyslexia, or any other condition that impacts reading
- About Others: 138 people answered Part 2 and skipped Part 1 — that is, they understand about other people's reading conditions
- Both: 65 people answered both Part 1 and Part 2 — that is, they have a reading condition themselves and they understand about other people's reading conditions
Part 1 (About You)
Question:
Do the following conditions impact your reading?
Significantly | Somewhat | Slightly | Not at all | (prefer not to answer) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aging/Ageing (issues related to getting older) | 30 | 65 | 48 | 90 | 5 |
Visual impairment (such as blurry, clouded, tunnel vision; central field loss; light sensitivity. from birth, aging; macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, etc.) | 106 | 48 | 26 | 55 | 2 |
Dyslexia, cognitive impairment, neurological impairment, or other perceptual issues | 36 | 35 | 16 | 142 | 8 |
Other conditions or situations that impact your reading: | 27 | 28 | 30 | 113 | 7 |
Comments
Question:
Do you change the way text is displayed so that you can read it more easily? Select all that apply below.
Answer Options | Responses |
---|---|
I sometimes change text using word processing software (such as Microsoft Word). |
125 |
I sometimes change text size using Zoom in a web browser (such as Internet Explorer or Firefox). |
131 |
I changed the way my web browser displays text on all web pages (through the Preferences, Options, or other settings). |
99 |
I have a user style sheet that changes the way my web browser displays text. | 14 |
I changed the way my operating system displays text (through Accessibility Settings, Windows Control Panel, or other). |
95 |
I sometimes use screen magnification software (such as Zoom Text, MAGic, SuperNova). |
74 |
Other: | 40 |
Part 2 (About Others)
Question:
How much do you know about the text customization needs of...
A lot | Some | A little | None | |
---|---|---|---|---|
... people who are older? | 69 | 89 | 19 | 8 |
... people who have visual impairments? | 110 | 65 | 6 | 4 |
... people who have dyslexia,
cognitive impairment, neurological impairment, or other perceptual issues? |
65 | 71 | 38 | 10 |
... people who have other conditions or situations that impact reading? | 48 | 69 | 42 | 22 |
Question:
How do you know about people's needs to customize text display? Check all that apply.
Number | |
---|---|
Individual - I have helped a friend, relative, or other individual change his/her software or hardware settings to make text easier to read. |
106 |
Training - I help older people or people with disabilities know how to use their hardware and software to make text easier to read. |
119 |
Research/Studies- I do research, usability testing, or other studies to understand how people with disabilities read electronic text. |
88 |
Other: | 54 |
Comments
- Over 30 years in the vision rehab field. Currently working as an activity assistant for seniors with memory impairments at an assisted living residence.
- I have 15 years experience providing direct services to consumers who are blind or visually impaired.
- I am currently an Occupational Therapist and Assistive Technology Specialist who works individually with people with a variety of disabilities. I have also worked as a Special Education Teacher with young children many different disabilities and have worked with youth and adult emerging readers with and without disabilities.
- I worked with the Assistive Technology Team in my school districts to apply our findings to individual solutions for accessing educational and community environments, including communication, through low/intermediate/high technologies and training.
- I assess peoples needs in the workplace
- I am a rehabilitation teacher for the blind and visually impaired with a Masters Degree in Mental Health
- I employ 17 people with disabilities who all have different requirements and sometimes even for the same conditions.
- I am a Disability and ADA Coordinator
- Reading Specialist-help students who have dylexia
- I am davis Facilitator.
- I develop mobile apps to help people with visual impairments, dylexia, and old age, read books. I also work with a researcher in a University in Spain. Our research is on improving Text Readability/understandability for people with Dyslexia
- I am a DSA needs assessor ...
- I am in contact with Irlen Clinic Directors around the world.
- I am a teacher for blind and visually impaired students. I have low vision students who use the computer for research and their assignments. I have had some inservices and worked with the assistive tech person in my school district to help my students.
- I train students and consult with faculty and staff
- Training developers, teaching university courses
- Head a training facility
- I work in a position where I accommodate people wit disabilities in the workplace.
- I am an Orientation and Mobility instructor for people who experience vision loss
- I deal with my wife with low vision, tunnel vision and night blindness. She complains about font size and lack of bold letters in regular publications as well as some websites on internet.
- I am an official of the French administration in charge of reading development for print disabled people.
- The Department of Rehabilitation informs and provides low- vision software to me.
- I have done usability testing and my job is in research related to visual impairment and computer use. I have helped a relative change her software settings for low vision. I have an habit of reading in dark or mobile situations.
- I do user testing with people who have a range of disabilities. Also I have undertaken several research project into how older sectoins of the population use the web.
- Disability Adviser in Higher Education; doctorate in disability and education
- member of Communications Consumer Panel and Advisory Committee for Older and Disabled People
- I am a librarian in a National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped Network Library.
- I have been a profssional in the fields of blindness and low vision for over 35 years.
- I work with people with vision impairments through a local not-for-profit Community Benefit Organization which is part of a statewide network of agencies serving the visually impaired
- Designing software applications for persons with visual impairments. Procuring assistive technology products to address the needs of persons with visual impairments.
- I'm a low vision expert in the netherlands
- Low vision optometrist
- I worked in the Visual/Print impairment industry for 14 years
- I work with seniors who are blind and visually impaired on low vision skills.
- I advocate for access to information (in accessible alternative formats) for people who are blind, vision impaired or deafblind or people who have print disabilities.
- I check all of the above
- Children/Students too!
- while being visually impaired myself, I also work with consumers who are VI and recommend assistive technology for them as well as help customize the settings when needed.
- I'm an assistive technology trainer
- I am a teacher of specific learning difficulties and have assessed pupils with coloured overlays.
- Atp
- Years of experience in the field, reading, contact with vendors and manufacturers, working with an AT team
- I am dyslexic and I'm an Assistive technology researcher and trainer
- I do web accessibility testing for organisations.
- I teach people without disabilities who create content about making that content easier to read and understand.
- My work in web technologies - hands-on web development, technical standards
- Accessibility specialist/test
- I create content and then have it reviewed. I also assist people who are consuming print and web content.
- I do usability and accessibility work for a large non-profit.
- Accessibility specialist and tester
- I am an accessibility specialist who teaches office workers how to better format word processing files and web pages.
- I provide Accessibility and Assistive technology services.
- I am an accessibility expert ... and quite old myself !
- I'm a web designer, highly concerned by accessibility issues, mainly for old people
- I am a human factors specialist, I have knowledge of the factors that affect text readability for both printed and on-line documents, generally. I also have a reasonable knowledge of some of the vision impairments that are commonly considered in design - e.g., color deficiency, visual acuity issues, vision impairments that affect Field of View, etc. So, I know some of things that may need to be customized, but certainly not all of them, as my own research area is more in the cognitive and/or auditory areas.
All respondents (Both Part 1 and Part 2)
Age Range | Number |
---|---|
18 to 34: | 49 |
35 to 39: | 34 |
40 to 44: | 31 |
45 to 49: | 42 |
50 to 54: | 46 |
55 to 59: | 39 |
60 to 64: | 30 |
65 to 69: | 19 |
70 to 74: | 8 |
75 to 79: | 5 |
80 or older: | 12 |
Survey Results
A little of the data from this survey is incorporated throughout the TAdER website, including:
- Understanding Users' Needs has a few comments from the survey
- When Text is Not Displayed Well has data and comments from 2 questions
- Printing Customized Text has data and comments from 2 questions
- Element-Level Customization has data and comments from 2 questions
- Scrolling has comments from 4 questions
About the numbers: None of the questions were required, and some respondents skipped some questions. Most questions included a "prefer not to answer" or "I don't know" option as appropriate for the question, and those answers are not include in most of the data on this website. Therefore, the numbers won't always add up to the total who answered each part. The data on the website includes relevant answers from respondents who did not complete the whole survey.
The survey data was used to refine the Text Display Aspects that Users Need to Customize, which includes wording from some of the survey questions.
More data and analysis is planned for publication in 2016.
For more information
Shawn Henry
+1-617-395-7664
projects@uiAccess.com
Ageing:
[Note: Comments include non-age-related visual impairments.]
Visual impairment:
Dyslexia, cognitive impairment, neurological impairment, or other perceptual issues:
Other: